• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An apparatus including: a tubular suction pile; an indenter housing that surrounds the tubular suction pile, wherein the indenter housing is configured to: (a) be sunk into a seabed in response to a negative pressure created from water being removed from the tubular suction pile, and the indenter housing is configured to create a trench in the seabed; and comprise a water jetting device, within the indenter housing, that includes a first valve, a nozzle, and a channel that connects the first valve to the nozzle; and/or (b) impart a longitudinal vibration to the indenter housing and the indenter housing is configured to be sunk into a seabed in response to longitudinal vibration, and the indenter housing is configured to create a trench in the seabed.
    公开号:DK201500804A1
    申请号:DK201500804
    申请日:2015-12-15
    公开日:2015-12-21
    发明作者:Haydar Arslan
    申请人:Exxonmobil Upstreamres Company；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    PIPELINE BURIAL IN OFFSHORE AND ARCTIC OFFSHORE REGIONS
    CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
    [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional No. 61/869,383,filed August 23, 2013, which is incorporated herein in its entirety for all purposes.
    TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
    [0002] The present disclosure describes trenching and pipe burial techniquesthat can be used in offshore and arctic offshore regions.
    BACKGROUND
    [0003] Development of offshore and offshore arctic pipelines requiresconsideration of unique design challenges such as seafloor scour/erosion andgouging by ice features. There are several types of ice features that may producescouring of the seafloor, including icebergs, first year ice ridge keels and multiyearridge keels. Ice is continuously drifting due to the action of environmental loads(e.g. wind and ocean currents) and may produce seabed scouring whenever waterdepth becomes lower than ice draft. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of anice gouging process.
    SUMMARY
    [0004] An apparatus including: a tubular suction pile; an indenter housing thatsurrounds the tubular suction pile, wherein the indenter housing is configured to besunk into a seabed in response to a negative pressure created from water beingremoved from the tubular suction pile, and the indenter housing is configured tocreate a trench in the seabed; and a water jetting device, within the indenterhousing, that includes a first valve, a nozzle, and a channel that connects the firstvalve to the nozzle.
    [0005] An apparatus including: a vibration device; and an indenter housing thatsurrounds the vibration device, wherein the vibration device is configured to imparta longitudinal vibration to the indenter housing and the indenter housing isconfigured to be sunk into a seabed in response to longitudinal vibration, and theindenter housing is configured to create a trench in the seabed.
    [0006] A method including: lowering or dropping an indenter into a body ofwater, wherein the indenter includes a tubular suction pile, a housing thatsurrounds the tubular suction pile, and a water jetting device, within the housing, that includes a first valve, a nozzle, and a channel that connects the first valve tothe nozzle; after the indenter comes to rest at a bottom of the seabed, sinking theindenter into the seabed, the sinking including creating a negative pressure byremoving water from the tubular suction pile, wherein the negative pressure causesthe indenter to sink to a predetermined depth in the sea bed; causing water to exitfrom the indenter, the water loosening soil in the seabed; and creating a trench inthe seabed by pulling or pushing the indenter after the indenter is sunk into theseabed and the soil is loosened by the water.
    [0007] A method including: lowering or dropping an indenter into a body ofwater, wherein the indenter includes a vibration device, and a housing thatsurrounds the vibration device; causing the vibration device to impart a longitudinalvibration to the housing, said longitudinal vibration causing the housing to sink to apredetermined depth in a seabed; and creating a trench in the seabed by pulling orpushing the indenter after the indenter is sunk into the seabed.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0008] While the present disclosure is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific example embodiments thereof have been shown in thedrawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however,that the description herein of specific example embodiments is not intended to limitthe disclosure to the particular forms disclosed herein, but on the contrary, thisdisclosure is to cover all modifications and equivalents as defined by the appendedclaims. It should also be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale,emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating principles of exemplaryembodiments of the present invention. Moreover, certain dimensions may beexaggerated to help visually convey such principles.
    [0009] Fig. 1 is an example of a schematic representation of an ice gougingprocess.
    [0010] Fig. 2 illustrates some limitations of high cost trenching techniques.
    [0011] Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary system for pipeline installation;
    [0012] Fig. 4A is a plan view of an exemplary suction pile/jetting indenter.
    [0013] Fig. 4B is a side view of an exemplary suction pile/jetting indenter.
    [0014] Fig. 5A is a plan view of an exemplary vibrating indenter.
    [0015] Fig. 5B is a side view of an exemplary vibrating indenter.
    [0016] Fig. 6 is flow chart of an exemplary method for installing a pipeline.
    [0017] Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a computer system.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION
    [0018] Non-limiting examples of the present technological advancement aredescribed herein. The invention is not limited to the specific examples describedbelow, but rather, it includes all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents fallingwithin the true spirit and scope of the appended claims.
    [0019] Technology that can be used for pipe burial includes dredging, plough,suction hopper, and horizontal drilling. These pipe burial techniques may not satisfydesign requirements at some locations, may incur high construction costs, and mayproduce an unwanted environmental impact. Fig. 2 illustrates some limitations theuse of plough, suction hopper, and dredging techniques encounter based on burialdepth of the pipe and water depth for the area in which burial is to occur.
    [0020] Ploughs provide a cost-effective solution to subsea trenching, requiringbasic instrumentation and little or no mechanical tooling. Generally, ploughs canoperate in soils up to 400kPa shear strength and create trench depths ranging from1-3 meters below the seabed using single or multiple passes.
    [0021] Water jetting systems (or jetters) use pumps to direct high-pressurewater streams from nozzles that disperse or fluidize seabed sediments and removeobstructions like small rocks and compact soils. Nozzle, as used herein, can refer toa device designed to control a direction and/or characteristics of a fluid flow, or canbe and of a pipe or tube through which fluid exits. Jetters are usually deployeddirectly from a support vessel or are integrated as part of a remotely operatedvehicle (ROV). Water jetting offers a solution to trenching in strong, cohesive soilsin the strength range of 0 - 500kPa. In general, water jetters can trench to depthsranging from 1-3 meters below the seabed, depending on soil type. Jetters can bean excavation and trenching tool for seabed profiles that feature valleys and pits, orwhere remedial work is required to reduce free spanning of pipelines. Jetters aregenerally capable of operating in shallow to very deep water.
    [0022] By way of example, the present technological advancement can trenchand bury pipelines, flowlines, and umbilicals to protect against the effects of icescouring as depicted in Fig. 1. If a deep burial is needed (because of scouring,seabed erosion, or environmental reasons), the present technological advancementcan be used in any offshore region. The present technological advancement can be configured to trench to depths greater than current industry norms (i.e., burialdepths greater than three meters), and install/lay pipeline in that trench. Inaddition, the present technological advancement can open trenching for offshorestructures other than pipeline.
    [0023] Fig. 3 illustrates a non-limiting example of the present technologicaladvancement. In Fig. 3, indenter 301 is penetrated to a desired depth in theseabed 307. An indenter is a device that is designed to create a trench in aseabed. Pipeline lay barge 303 can pull indenter 301 in order to gouge the seabed307 for trenching. Pipeline 305 may be laid on the seabed using conventionaltechniques (i.e., S-lay, J-lay, etc.).
    [0024] While a barge is depicted, any type of above-water or below-watervessel or below water tractor may be used to pull or push the indenter.
    [0025] Seabed or sea floor, as used herein, refers to any underwater bottomsurface where pipe can be laid including, for example, ocean bottoms, lakebottoms, river bottoms, or canal bottoms. Pipeline 305 can included, but is notlimited to, oil and gas transportation pipes, communications cabling, sewage andwater pipes, and other utility transportation pipes.
    [0026] Figs. 4A and 4B illustrate further details of indenter 301, with Fig. 4Aillustrating a plan view and Fig. 4B illustrating a side view.
    [0027] Indenter 301 can have a housing, frame, or body constructed from highstrength steel. However, other materials can be used, and a person of ordinaryskill in the art could select an appropriate material in order to provide sufficientstrength and durability based on sand/soil conditions in which a trench will beformed. By way of example, the indenter may weigh on the order of a couple oftons, but dimensions, size, and weight would depend upon desired trench depthand soil type.
    [0028] Housing or indenter housing, as used herein, is synonymous with frameand body. The housing of the indenter 301 in Fig. 4B has a wedge shape (broadand truncate at the summit, and tapering down to the base) with a trapezoidalcross-section, but other cross-sectional shapes are possible. The trapezoidal shapeprovides a bottom region 319 that is configured to penetrate into the seafloor whenthe indenter impacts the seafloor after being dropped/lowered into the body ofwater. Bottom region 319 can be configured to have an edge that facilitates aninitial penetration of the lower region 319 into the seafloor. For example, the bottom region 319, which will make contact with the seabed 307, can have apointed or sharpened cutting edge.
    [0029] The indenter 301 is shown with a symmetrical shape, but symmetry isnot required. The leading edge of the indenter 301 (the edge in the pullingdirection) does not need to have the same shape as the trailing edge of theindenter 301.
    [0030] The housing, frame or body of indenter 301 can be welded or otherwisedirectly/indirectly affixed to encompass or surround at least one suction pile 313.The at least one suction pile 313 extends into and forms at least part of the bottomregion 319. The at least one suction pile 313 can include a tubular pile configuredto be driven into the seabed (or more commonly dropped a few meters into a softseabed). Then a pump, which can be included on the barge shown in Fig. 3, isconfigured to suck water out of the at least one tubular pile via valve 315, whichcauses the indenter to be sunk further down into the seabed. However, the pumpneed not necessarily be located on the barge, and can be located any place as longas the pump is configured to remove water out of the at least one tubular pile. Apump can be connected to the suction pile via a releasable coupling which isconfigured to be remotely controlled by a computer. A pump can be included withinindenter 301.
    [0031] Using a suction pile for a moveable structure goes against conventionalwisdom. Conventional suction piles are used as a deep foundation element tosupport or moor offshore structures and are driven to depths of 30 meters or more.Conventional suction piles are used to prevent structures from moving, whereas theindenter disclosed herein is moveable and dragged by a barge when laying pipeline.
    [0032] In the example shown in Figs. 4A and 4B, the at least one suction pile313 is centrally located in a body of the indenter 301. The bottom of suction pile313 is at least partially open so that water is contained within suction pile 313 whenthe indenter 301 comes to rest at the seafloor. The bottom region 319 isconfigured to form a water tight seal with the seabed 307 when a part of thebottom region penetrates into the seabed 307. Water tight does not mean thatabsolutely no water may enter the suction pile. Rather, the seal is sufficientlywater tight if water can be pumped out of suction pile 313 via a pump, which isconnected to a valve on a closed upper end of the suction pile, in order to sink theindenter to a desired depth due to the creation of negative pressure. Removal ofthe water from the suction pile 313 creates a negative pressure zone that drivesthe indenter 301 further into the seabed 307 until the upper surface of the indenter is about even with the seabed. Sinking the indenter into the seabed by using thesuction pile can provide the indenter with a penetration depth greater than threemeters.
    [0033] The depth of penetration of the indenter 301 can be controlled bycontrolling the negative pressure. Once the indenter achieves the desired depth,which may be confirmed by cameras, divers, or sensors (i.e., an echo-sounder), thepumping may be ceased and the valve 315 closed.
    [0034] The at least one suction pile 313 may include several suction piles closelyarranged or separated from each other by a predetermined distance. The at leastone suction pile 313 does not necessarily need to be disposed at a center of theindenter 301 and a suction pile may be disposed at one or more locations so longas the one or more suction piles are disposed where they can bury the indenter intothe seabed 307 as discussed above.
    [0035] Fig. 4A shows that the upper surface of the indenter has a rectangularshape. However, a rectangular perimeter is not required and other perimetershapes are possible. Fig. 4A shows that the at least one suction pile 313 has asquare shape along a bottom surface. The square-cross section is merely anexample and other cross-sectional shapes are possible (i.e., rectangular andcircular cross-sections).
    [0036] Fig. 4B illustrates an example that combines suction pile 313 and waterjetting 311. Water jetting can be used to loosen/reduce the strength of the soilsurrounding the indenter when the indenter is sunk into the seabed. Indenter 301,with the suction pile 313 and water jetting 311, synergistically combine to enable atarget penetration depth for pipe burial (via suction pile) to be achieved whileloosening the soil with water jetting to enable easier pulling of the indenter 301.
    [0037] The water jetting may be facilitated by pumps that force water throughjets in the pulling direction. Such a pump may be included in or on the indenter301, or at a remote location, such as the barge 303. Alternatively, a simplerarrangement may be used, where a pump is not used to generate the water jetting.The leading portion of the indenter 301 (the portion on the pulling direction) caninclude a channel 360 connected to a valve 317 on the upper end of indenter 301and a one-way jet or a one-way nozzle 370 on a tapering side of the indenter 301,with the channel extending from the top of the indenter. The valve can be openedto allow a rush of water to pass through the channel, and to exit through the one-way-jet or one-way nozzle as a stream of water that loosens the soil surroundingthe leading edge of the indenter 301. Loosening the soil around the leading edge can facilitate easier pulling of the indenter 301. The valve can be connected to ahose 320 with an end open to the surrounding water, connected to the barge, orconnected to pump.
    [0038] Element 350 is a cable that connects indenter 301 to a computer that isprogrammed to control valves, pumps, sensors, and/or other equipment that aredisposed in or on the indenter 301. The computer can control the pump in order tosink the indenter to a desired depth. The computer can terminate operation of thepump based on feedback from a user, a camera and/or sensors.
    [0039] Indenter 301 provides many advantages when compared to thetechniques discussed with respect to Fig. 2. These advantages include, but are notnecessarily limited thereto: deeper burial depth, longer trench opening in a shortertime, and no requirement for special plough equipment. A single-step pipelineinstallation after trenching process also improves the portability of the process overother composite-type liners.
    [0040] Figs. 5A and 5B illustrate another exemplary indenter 301. Elementsthat are the same as those discussed with respect to Figs. 4A and 4B are numberedthe same and are not further discussed with respect to Figs. 5A and 5B.
    [0041] In Figs. 5A and 5B, the suction pile has been replaced with vibrationdevice 501. The vibration device 501 is configured to induce a vibration in adirection substantially perpendicular to the seabed as indicated by the double¬headed arrow in Fig. 5B. Vibratory driving is a technique that drives the indenter301 into the ground by imparting to the indenter 301 a small longitudinal vibratorymotion of a predetermined frequency and displacement amplitude from a drivingunit. The vibration device or driving unit 501 can be a hydraulic system that is atleast partially incorporated into the indenter. The vibration device can be of typeused for concrete vibrating machines or vibratory hammers used for pileinstallations.
    [0042] The vibrations serve to reduce the ground resistance, allowingpenetration under the action of a relatively small surcharge. Vibratory driving willachieve a target penetration depth in excess of three meters and will loosen the soilthrough vibration for easier pulling of the indenter. The vibrations can bemaintained while the barge pulls the indenter.
    [0043] A computer can control the vibration device in order to sink the indenterto a desired depth. The computer can terminate operation of the vibration devicebased on feedback from a user, a camera and/or sensors.
    [0044] It is possible that the vibration device in Figs. 5A and 5B can becombined with the indenter of Figs. 4A and 4B. The driving unit that imparts thelongitudinal vibratory motion may be fitted into or on an outside surface of theindenter 301. The combination of the vibratory motion and negative pressurecreated with the suction pile can be used to sink an indenter into the seabed.Moreover, the vibratory motion can be maintained while the indenter is pulled bythe barge in order to loosen soil as the indenter is pulled through the seabed.
    [0045] The proposed designs in Figs. 4A, 4B, 5A, and/or 5B provide manyadvantages, which can include but are not limited thereto, deeper burial depth,creation of longer trench openings in a shorter time, and elimination of a need forspecialized plough equipment. The proposed designs in Figs. 4A, 4B, 5A, and 5Bare more economical than conventional trenching techniques.
    [0046] Fig. 6 illustrates an exemplary method of installing a pipeline. In step601, an indenter discussed above with respect to Figs. 4A, 4B, 5A, and/or 5B islowered or dropped into a body of water from a barge. The indenter will come torest at the bottom of the seabed. The tapered bottom region of the indenter willsink into the seabed based on the force of impact between the seabed and theindenter. In step 603, the indenter will be further sunk into the seabed by thecreation of negative pressure with a suction pile and/or imparting a longitudinalvibratory motion that drives the indenter into the seabed until the indenter reachesa desired depth. In step 605, which is optional, water jetting can be used to loosenthe soil in a pulling direction. In step 607, the barge pulls the indenter in order toform a trench in the sea bed. In step 609, pipe is laid into the trench. A single-step pipeline installation after the trenching can improve the portability of theprocess over other composite-type liners.
    [0047] Fig. 7 is a block diagram of a computer system 400 that can be used toexecute an embodiment of the present techniques. A centra! processing unit (CPU)402 is coupled to system bus 404. The CPU 402. may be any general- purpose CPU,although other types of architectures of CPU 402 (or other components ofexemplary system 400) may be used as long as CPU 402 (and other components ofsystem 400) supports the operations as described herein. Those of ordinary skill inthe art will appreciate that, while on!y a single CPU 402 is shown in Fig. 7,additional CPUs may be present. Moreover, the computer system 400 maycomprise a networked, muiti-processor computer system that may include a hybridparallel CPU 402/GPU 414 system. The CPU 402 may execute the various logicalinstructions according to various embodiments. For example, the CPU 402 may execute machine-level instructions for performing processing according to theoperational flow described.
    [0048] The computer system 400 may also include computer components suchas non- transitory, computer -readable media. Examples of computer -readablemedia include a random access memory (RAM) 406, which may be SRAM, DRAM,SDRAM, or the like. The computer system 400 may also include additional non-transltory, computer -readable media such as a read-only memory (ROM) 408,which may be PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or the like. RAM 406 and ROM 408 holduser and system data and programs, as Is known In the art. The computer system400 may also include an input/output (I/O) adapter 410, a communications adapter422, a user interface adapter 424, a display driver 416, and a display adapter 418.
    [0049] The I/O adapter 410 may connect additional non-transitory, computer -readable media such as a storage device(s) 412, Including, for example, a harddrive, a compact disc (CD) drive, a floppy disk drive, a tape drive, and the like tocomputer system 400. The storage device(s) may be used when RAM 406 isinsufficient for the memory requirements associated with storing data foroperations of embodiments of the present techniques. The data storage of thecomputer system 400 may be used for storing information and/or other data usedor generated as disclosed herein. For example, storage device(s) 412 may be usedto store configuration information or additional plug-ins in accordance with anembodiment of the present techniques. Further, user interface adapter 424 couplesuser input devices, such as a keyboard 428, a pointing device 426 and/or outputdevices to the computer system 400. The dispiay adapter 418 is driven by the CPU402 to control the display on a display device 420 to, for exampie, presentinformation to the user regarding available piug-lns.
    [0050] The architecture of system 400 may be varied as desired. For example,any suitable processor-based device may be used, including without limitationpersonal computers, laptop computers, computer workstations, and multi-processorservers. Moreover, embodiments may be implemented on application specificintegrated circuits (ASICs) or very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits. In fact,persons of ordinary skiil in the art may use any number of suitable hardwarestructures capable of executing logical operations according to the embodiments.The term "processing circuit" includes a hardware processor (such as those found inthe hardware devices noted above), ASICs, and VLSI circuits. In an embodiment,input data to the computer system 400 may include various plug-ins and libraryfiies. Input data may additionally include configuration information.
    [0051] The present techniques may be susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, and the exemplary embodiments discussed above have beenshown oniy by way of example. However, the present techniques are not intendedto be limited to the particular embodiments disclosed herein, indeed, the presenttechniques include all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents falling within thespirit and scope of the appended claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1] 1. An apparatus comprising:an indenter housing, wherein the indenter housing is configured to: (a) surround a tubular suction pile having a closed upper end which issunk into a seabed in response to a negative pressure createdfrom water being removed from the tubular suction pile using apump connected to the tubular suction pile, and the indenterhousing is configured to create a trench in the seabed, andcomprise a water jetting device, within the indenter housing, thatincludes a first valve, a nozzle, and a channel that connects thefirst valve to the nozzle; and/or (b) impart a longitudinal vibration to the indenter housing using avibration device and the indenter housing is configured to be sunkinto a seabed in response to longitudinal vibration, and theindenter housing is configured to create a trench in the seabed.
    [2] 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indenter housing is a wedge shaped body.
    [3] 3. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the water jetting device isconfigured to expel water from the nozzle without using a pump device byconnecting a hose with an end open to surrounding water to the first valve.
    [4] 4. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the wedge shaped body hasa trapezoidal cross-section.
    [5] 5. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the nozzle is disposed ontapered section of the trapezoidal cross-section.
    [6] 6. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the water jetting device isdisposed in a leading portion of the indenter housing.
    [7] 7. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the wedge shaped body isdirectly connected to the tubular suction pile.
    [8] 8. The apparatus of any preceding claim, wherein the apparatus comprisesboth (a) and (b).
    [9] 9. The apparatus of any preceding claim, further comprising: a second valve connected to the upper end of the tubular suction pile,wherein the second valve is configured to allow water to be pumped out of thetubular suction pile.
    [10] 10. A method comprising: lowering or dropping an indenter into a body of water; sinking the indenter into the seabed after the indenter comes to rest at a bottom of the seabed by: (a) creating a negative pressure by removing water from atubular suction pile included in the indenter, wherein the negativepressure causes the indenter to sink to a predetermined depth inthe seabed, and causing water to exit from the indenter, thewater loosening soil in the seabed, and/or (b) causing a vibration device included in the indenter toimpart a longitudinal vibration to the indenter, said longitudinalvibration causing the indenter to sink to a predetermined depth inthe seabed; and creating a trench in the seabed by pulling or pushing the indenter after theindenter is sunk into the seabed.
    [11] 11. The method of claim 10, further comprisinglaying a pipeline in the trench.
    [12] 12. The method of claim 10 or 11, further comprising: using a computer to control the negative pressure in order to cause theindenter to sink to the predetermined depth in the seabed.
    [13] 13. The method of claim 10, 11, or 12, further comprising performing steps (a)and (b).
    [14] 14. The method of claim 10, 11, 12, or 13, wherein the trench has a depth ofgreater than three meters.
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    同族专利:
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    US20150056019A1|2015-02-26|
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    CA2914972C|2018-11-20|
    WO2015026443A1|2015-02-26|
    WO2015026443A8|2015-07-16|
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    法律状态:
    2018-01-08| PHB| Application deemed withdrawn due to non-payment or other reasons|Effective date: 20171127 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US201361869383P| true| 2013-08-23|2013-08-23|
    US201361869383|2013-08-23|
    PCT/US2014/045144|WO2015026443A1|2013-08-23|2014-07-01|Pipeline burial in offshore and arctic offshore regions|
    US2014045144|2014-07-01|
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